شَفَقٌ
1.
Fear: (K:) [see also شَفِقَ, (of which it is the verbal noun) in the next preceding paragraph:] or fear [arising] from strictness (شِدَّة) of faithful or sincere or honest advice; (M, TA;) as also
شَفَقَةٌ: (M:) or ↓ the latter signifies the fear of him who gives faithful or sincere or honest advice, in consequence of his doing so, for him to whom such advice is given: (O:) or the former, (K, TA,) and ↓ the latter also, (TA,) the eagerness, or striving, of him who gives such advice, to rectify, or amend, the state of him to whom that advice is given: (K, TA: [said in the latter to be a tropical application of the words; but why, I see not:])
شَفَقَةٌ is subst. from الإِشْفَاقُ, (S, Msb, TA,) and شَفَقٌ is synonym therewith (S, O, K, TA) as being also a subst. from الإِشْفَاقُ: (S, TA:) [it is said that] the primary signification of
شَفَقَةٌ is weakness: (Ham p. 179:) and it is conjoined with خَوْفٌ [fear]; therefore it is not applied as an attribute to God: (Idem p. 722:) [generally] it signifies affection, kindness, benignity, compassion, or favourable inclination: (MA:) [or solicitous affection &c.:] or pity, or compassion, and tenderness, and fear of the betiding of some disliked or evil event, together with faithful or sincere or honest advice. (TA.)
2.
شَفَقٌ also signifies The redness (Kh, S, Msb, K) in the horizon (K) from sunset until the time of the last
عِشَاء [i. e. nightfall], (Kh, S, Msb, K,) when it disappears, (Kh, S, Msb,) and the white شَفَق remains until the middle [or rather until a late period varying at different seasons] of the night: (Msb:) or until near that time: or until near the
عَتَمَة [q. v., generally meaning the same, or nearly so]: (K:) or the redness that is seen in the sky at sunset: (IDrd, O:) or the remains of the light and redness of the sun in the first part of the night, until near the
عَتَمَة: (S:) or the light and redness of the sun, seen at sunset, until the time of the prayer of nightfall: (M:) or the mixture of the light of day with the blackness of night at sunset: (Er-Rághib, TA:) according to Zj, the redness that is in the region of sunset after the setting of the sun: this is the meaning given as of common repute in the books of lexicology; and Mtr says [in the Mgh] that it means the redness according to a number of the Companions of the Prophet and of the people of the generation next succeeding them: but according to Aboo-Hureyreh, it means the whiteness [after sunset, which, to distinguish it from the شَفَق commonly so called, is often termed the white شَفَق, as in an instance above]: (Msb:) IAth says that this word has two contr. meanings; being applied to the redness that is seen after sunset; and to the whiteness remaining in the western horizon after the said redness. (TA.) Fr says, I heard one of the Arabs say, عَلَيْهِ ثَوْبٌ كَأَنَّهُ الشَّفَقُ [Upon him is, or was, a garment as though it were the
شَفَق]: and it was red. (S.)
5.
Also i. q.
نَاحِيَةٌ (assumed tropical:) [A side, &c.; or a remote side]: plural أَشْفَاقٌ. (O, K.) One says, أَنَا فِى أَشْفَاقٍ مِنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ i. e. نَوَاحٍ [meaning (assumed tropical:) I am apart, or aloof, from this affair; as though in, or on, remote sides thereof]: (O, TA:) and in like manner فِى عُرُوضٍ مِنْهُ [apparently a mistranscription for عَرُوضٍ i. e. نَاحِيَةٍ] and فى
أَعْرَاضٍ منه i. e. نَوَاحٍ. (TA.)
6.
And (tropical:) A bad thing; synonym رَدِىْءٌ: (Lth, S, M, O, K, TA: [in the TA said to be written by J with kesr to the ف; but not so in either of my copies of the S:]) applied to a garment, or piece of cloth, (Mgh, TA, and Ham p. 179,) [in this sense, or] as meaning bad and thin: (Mgh in article خرث:) [said to be] from شَفَقَةٌ signifying “ weakness: ” (Ham ubi suprà:) seldom pluralized: (O:) and used alike as masculine and feminine, being applied as an epithet to a مِلْحَفَة, (M, O,) meaning رَدِييءَةٌ. (M.)