الأَرْضُ
1.
[The earth;] that whereon are mankind: (TA:) [and earth, as opposed to heaven: and the ground, as meaning the surface of the earth, on which we tread and sit and lie; and the floor: without ال signifying a land, or country: and a piece of land or ground: and land, or soil, or ground, considered in relation to its quality:] it is feminine: (S, A, Msb, K:) and is a coll. gen. n.; (S, A, K;) of which the n. un. should be أَرْضَةٌ, but this they did not say: (S:) or a plural having no singular; (A, K;) for أَرْضَةٌ has not been heard: (K:) its plural is أَرَضَاتٌ, (S, K,) in [some of] the copies of the K أَرْضَاتٌ, (TA,) for they sometimes form the plural of a word which has not the feminine ة with ا and ت, as in the instance of عُرُسَاتٌ; (S;) and أَرَضُونَ, [which is more common,] (AZ, AHn, S, Mgh, Msb, K,) with fet-h to the ر, (AZ, AHn, Mgh, Msb,) and with و and ن, though a feminine has not its plural formed [regularly] with و and ن unless it is of the defective kind, like ثُبَةٌ and ظُبَةٌ, but they have made the و and ن [in this instance] a substitute for the ا and ت which they have elided [from أَرَضَاتٌ], and have left the fet-hah of the ر as it was; (S;) but they also said أَرْضُونَ, (AZ, AHn, S,) sometimes, making the ر quiescent; (S;) and أُرُوضٌ (AZ, AHn, Msb, K) is sometimes used as a plural, as in the saying مَا أَكْثَرَ أُرُوضَ بَنِى
فُلَانٍ [How many are the lands of the sons of such a one!]; (TA;) and another [and very common] plural is [أَرَاضٍ, with the article written] الأَرَاضِى, contr. to rule, (S, Msb, K,) as though they had formed a plural from ارُضٌ; (S;) thus written in all the copies of the S; [according to SM; but in one copy of the S, I find كَأَنَّهُمْ جَمَعُوا ااراضًا; and in another, ارضًا;] and in one copy [is added], “ thus it is found in his [J's] handwriting; ” but IB says that correctly he should have said أَرْضَى, like أَرْطَى; for as to ارُضٌ, its regular plural would be أَوَارِضُ; and [SM says] I have found it observed in a marginal note to the S that the plural of ارُضٌ would be أَارِضُ, like as أَكَالِبُ is plural of أَكْلُبٌ; and wherefore did he not say that الاراضى is a plural of an unused singular, like لَيَالٍ and أَهَالٍ, so that it is as though it were plural of أَرْضَاةٌ, like as لَيَالٍ is plural of لَيْلَاةٌ? yet if any one should propose the plea that it may be formed by transposition from أَارِضُ, he would not say what is improbable; its measure being in this case أَعَالِفُ; the word being أَرَاضِيءُ, and the ء being changed into ى: (TA:) according to Abu-l-Khattáb, (S,) ارَاضٌ is also a plural of أَرْضٌ, (S, K,) like as اهَالٌ is a plural of أَهْلٌ; (S;) but IB says that, in the opinion of the critics, the truth with respect to what is related on the authority of Abu-l-Khattáb is, that from أَرْضٌ and أَهْلٌ are formed أَرَاضٍ and أَهَالٍ, as though they were pls. of أَرْضَاةٌ and أَهْلَاةٌ; like as they said لَيْلَةٌ and لَيَال, as though this were plural of لَيْلَاةٌ. (TA.) It is said in proverbs, أَجْمَعُ مِنَ
الأَرْضِ [More comprehensive than the earth]: (TA:) and امَنُ مِنَ الأَرْضِ [More trustworthy than the earth, in which treasures are securely buried]: and أَشَدُّ مِنَ الأَرْضِ [Harder than the earth, or ground]: (A, TA:) and أَذَلُّ مِنَ الأَرْضِ [More vile, or more submissive, than the earth, or ground]. (TA.) And you say, مَنْ أَطَاعَنِى كُنْتُ
لَهُ أَرْضَا (tropical:) [Whoso obeyeth me, I will be to him as ground whereon one treads]; denoting submissiveness. (A, TA.) And فُلَانٌ إِنٌ ضُرِبَ فَأَرْضٌ (tropical:) [Such one, if he be beaten, is like ground]; i. e. he cares not for beating. (A, TA.) One says also, لَا أَرْضَ
لَكَ [Mayest thou have no land, or country! or thou hast no land, or country]; like as one says, لَا أُمَّ لَكَ. (S, K,)
2.
3.
اِبْنُ الأَرْضِ [with the article ال prefixed to the latter word] is A certain plant, (AHn, K,) which comes forth upon the summits of the [hills called] اكَام, having a stem (أَصْل), but not growing tall, (AHn,) which resembles hair, and is eaten, (AHn, K,) and quickly dries up; (AHn;) a species of
بَقْل, as also بِنْتُ الأَرْضِ: (S in article بنى:) and بَنَاتُ الأَرْضِ
plants: (M in article بسر:) and the places which are concealed from the pastor. (S in that article) Also The pool that is left by a torrent: (T in article بنى:) and بَنَاتُ الأَرْضِ
pools in which are remains of water: (IAar in TA article بسر:) and rivulets. (T in article بنى.)
4.
أَرْضٌ is also used to signify (assumed tropical:) A carpet; or anything that is spread: and in this sense, in poetry, it is sometimes made masculine (Msb.)
5.
And (assumed tropical:) Anything that is low. (S, K.) And (tropical:) The lower, or lowest, part of the legs of a horse or the like: (S, K:) or the legs of a camel or of a horse or the like: and the part that is next to the ground thereof. (TA.) You say بَعِيرٌ شَدِيدُ الأَرْضِ (tropical:) A camel strong in the legs. (TA.) And فَرَسٌ بَعِيدٌ مَا بَيْمَ أَرْضِهِ وَسَمَايءِهِ (tropical:) A horse that is large and tall. (A, TA.)
6.
Also, of a man, (tropical:) The knees and what is beneath, or below, (lit. after,) them. (TA.)
7.
And of a sandal, (assumed tropical:) [The lower surface of the sole;] the part that touches the ground. (TA.)
8.
A febrile shivering; a tremor: (S, K:) or vertigo: or it signifies also vertigo arising from a relaxed state, and occasioning a defluxion from the nose and eyes. (TA.) I'Ab is related to have said, on the occasion of an earthquake, أَزُلْزِلَتِ الأَرْضُ أَمْ بِى أَرْضٌ, (S,) i. e. [Hath the earth been made to quake, or is there in me] a tremor? or a vertigo? (TA.) [أَهْلُ الأَرْضِ signifies A certain class of the jinn, or genii; by whom human beings are believed to be possessed, and affected by an involuntary tremor; whence it seems that this appellation may perhaps be from أَرْضٌ as signifying “ a tremor. ” See مَأْرُوضٌ: and see خَبَلٌ, as explained in the S.]
9.
Also Rheum; synonym زُكَامٌ: (S, K:) in this sense masculine; or, according to Kr, feminine, on the authority of Ibn-Ahmar. (TA.)
10.
See also مَأْرُوضٌ.