فِى

is a particle governing the gen. case [and used in the manners and senses expl in what here follows]. (T, S, M, Mughnee, K.)

It relates to a receptacle; (Sb, S, M;) and, when used in a wider sense, to that which has some near resemblance thereto; (Sb, M;) [i. e.,] and also to what is considered as a receptacle: (S:) [in other words,] it denotes inclusion, or inbeing, (Msb, Mughnee, K, TA,) either in relation to place or in relation to time: (Mughnee, K, TA;) properly and tropically. (Msb, Mughnee, TA.) غُلِبَتِ الرُّومُ فِى أَدْنَى الْأَرْضِ وَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ غَلَبِهِمْ سَيَغْلِبُونَ فِى بِضْعِ سِنِينَ [The Greeks have been overcome in the nearer, or nearest, part of the land, and they, after the overcoming of them, shall overcome in some few years], in the Qur'an, 30:1 — 3], is an example of its relation to place and to time. (Mughnee.) And وَلَكُمْ فِى الْقِصَاصِ حَيٰوةٌ (tropical:) [And there is, to you, in retaliation, life, or an advantage, (respecting the meaning of which see article حى,) in the Qur'an, 2:175,] is an example of its being used tropically, (Mughnee.) أَدْخَلْتُ الخَاتَمَ فِى أُصْبَعِى is an example of its relation to place, but the proposition is inverted [i. e. the meaning is I inserted my finger into the signet-ring]. (Mughnee.) [Using it properly,] you say, المَاءُ فِى الإِنَاءِ [The water is in the vessel]: (S:) and هُوَ فِى الجِرَابِ [It is in the wallet,] and فِى الكِيسِ [in the purse]: and هُوَ فِى بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ [He is in the belly of his mother]: and هُوَ فِى الغُلِّ [He is in the shackle for the neck]: (M:) and زَيْدٌ فِى الدَّارِ [Zeyd is in the house], (S, M, * Msb,) or within the house, and in the midst of it, for فِى الدَّارِ, means دَاخِلِهَا, and وَسْطَهَا: (T:) and [using it tropically, you say,] الشَّكُّ فِى الخَبَرِ (assumed tropical:) [Doubt, or uncertainty, is in the information]. (S.) The saying فِيهِ عَيْبٌ [In him is a fault, or blemish], if relating to a real عَيْب, is proper; and if relating to an ideal عَيْب, tropical: the former is such as the amputation of the hand of the thief, and the redundance of a hand; and the latter, such as the runningaway of a slave. (Msb.) [When relating to time, it may in some cases be rendered In, or during; as in the phrase فِى أَيَّامٍ مَعْدُودَاتٍ, in the Qur'an, 2:139, i. e. In, or during, certain numbered days. إِنَّ أَصْحَابَ الْجَنَّةِ الْيَوْمَ فِى شُغُلٍ فَاكِهُونَ, in the Qur'an, 36:55, may be rendered (assumed tropical:) Verily the inmates of Paradise this day shall be in the midst of diverting occupation, cheerful, or happy. The phrase أَمَّا قَوْلُهُ كَذَا فِيهِ مَا فِيهِ, lit. (assumed tropical:) As to his saying thus, in it is what is in it, is used as a polite expression of objection, or contradiction; like فِيهِ تَأَمُّلٌ, q. v. In many instances, فِى may be rendered Of, or concerning, or in respect of; as in قَالَ فِيهِ كَذَا (assumed tropical:) He said of, or concerning, him, or it, thus; for قَالَ فِى ذِكْرِهِ كَذَا (assumed tropical:) He said in mentioning him, or it, thus, or فِى وَصْفِهِ in describing him, or it; or the like hence, for example, one says كَتَبَ كِتَابًا فِى عِلْمِ اللُّغَةِ (assumed tropical:) He wrote a book of, or concerning the science of lexicology: and hence, in the Qur'an, 2:133, أَتُّحَاجُّونَنَا فِى اللّٰهِ (assumed tropical:) Do ye argue with us concerning, or in respect of, God?]

It also denotes concomitance, (Mughnee, K,) and (K) in this ease (Mughnee) it is synonym with مَعَ. (Msb, Mughnee, K.) Thus in the phrase, قَالَ ادْخُلُوا فِى أُمَمٍ [He shall say, Enter ye with peoples]. (Msb, Mughnee, TA,) in the Qur'an, 7:36: (Msb, TA:) or, as some say, the meaning is, فِى جَمَاعَةِ أُمَمٍ [in the company of peoples]. (Mughnee.) Thus. too, in the phrase, in the Qur'an, 46:15, فِى أَصْحَابِ الجَنَّةِ [With the inmates of Paradise]. (Msb, TA.) [Or in these and similar instances, فِى may be rendered, more agreeably with the primary signification, as meaning Among.] In the K, the meaning as denoting concomitance and that which is identical with مَعَ are made distinct: and it has been said that بِ denotes the continuance of concomitance and مَعَ denotes its commencement; though this is not invariably the case. (MF, TA.) [Hence it is used to denote a combination of two qualities: as in the phrase طُولٌ فِى اسْتِرْخَاءٍ (assumed tropical:) Length together with laxness: (occurring in the K voce طَنَبٌ:) and سَوَادٌ فِى حُمْرَةٍ (assumed tropical:) Blackness blending with redness: and the like. And in like manner it is used to denote the combination of the length and breadth of a thing: as in the phrase طُولُهُ عِشْرُونَ ذِرَاعًا فِى ثَلَاثِ أَذْرُعٍ عَرْضًا Its length is twenty cubits with (or as we say by) three cubits in breadth: in which case the number of square cubits is expressed by the phrase عِشْرُونَ فِى ثَلَاثٍ as though meaning Twenty as a multiplicand with three as its multiplier; i. e. twenty multiplied by three: see ضَرَبَ as signifying “ he multiplied. ”].

It also denotes the assigning of a cause. (Msb, Mughnee, K.) Thus in the phrase فِى أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةٌ i. e. On account, or because, of completing [the possession of] forty sheep or goats, [the giving of] a sheep or goat [for the poor-rate] is incumbent [on the possessor: or this may be rendered, in the case of the possession of forty, a sheep or goat is to be given]. (Msb.) And thus in the saying, [in the Qur'an, 12:32,] فَذٰلِكُنَّ الَّذِى لُمْتُنَّنِى فِيهِ [And that is he because of whom ye blamed me]. (Mughnee.) Thus also in the saying, in a tradition, إِنَّ امْرَأَةً دَخَلَتِ النَّارَ فِى هِرَّةٍ حَبَسَتْهَا [Verily a woman entered the fire of Hell because of a she-cat which she confined without food]. (Mughnee.) [And thus in the phrase أَسْلَفَ فِى كَذَا He paid in advance, or beforehand, for, or on account of, such a thing.]

It also denotes superiority; (Mughnee, K, TA;) i. e. (TA) it is used in the sense of عَلَى. (T, S, M, Msb, TA.) Thus in the saying, in the Qur'an, 20:74, وَلَأُصَلِّبَنَّكُمْ فِى جُذُوعِ النَّخْلِ [And I will assuredly crucify you upon the trunks of palm-trees]. (T, S, Msb, Mughnee, TA.) And so in the verse of 'Antarah cited voce سَرْحٌ. (T, M, Mughnee, TA.) And Yoo asserts that the Arabs say, نَزَلْتُ فِى أَبِيكَ, meaning عَلَيْهِ [i. e. I alighted, or descended and stopped, &c., at the abode of thy father]. (S.)

It is also synonym with بِ, (T, S, M, Mughnee, K,) sometimes. (S.) Thus in the saying of Zeyd-el-Kheyl,

وَتَرْكَبُ يَوْمَ الرَّوْعِ فِيهَا فَوَارِسُ

بَصِيرُونَ فِى طَعْنِ الأَبَاهِرِ والكُلَى

(S, Mughnee, TA,) meaning, بِطَعْنِ الاباهر والكلى [i. e. And horsemen skilful in piercing the aortas and the kidneys ride in the day of fear therein]. (S, TA.) And thus in a verse cited by Fr, أَرْغَبُ is made transitive by فِى and عَنْ instead of بِ and عَنْ. (T, TA.) [Thus, also, لَيْسَ فِى شَىْءٍ is sometimes used for لَيْسَ بِشَىْءٍ, meaning It is nought; or not of any account or weight; &c.: see more in article شيأ.]

It is also synonym with إِلَى. (Mughnee, K.) Thus in the Qur'an, 14:10, فَرَدُّوا أَيْدِيَهُمْ فِى أَفْوَاههم [And they put their hands to their mouths]. (Mughnee, TA.)

It is also synonym with مِنْ. (M, Mughnee, K, TA.) Thus in the Qur'an, 27:12, فِى تِسْعِ ايَاتٍ [Of, or among, nine signs]. (M, TA.) And in the saying, خُذْ لِى عَشْرًا مِنَ الإِبِلِ فِيهَا فَحْلَانِ [Take thou for me ten of the camels; of, or among, them let there be two stallions. (M, TA.) [Thus too in the saying هُوَ فِى أَصْلِ قَوْمِهِ He is of, or among, the purest in race, &c., of his people: and the like thereof.]

It also denotes comparison; and this is when it occurs between a preceding [mention of a] thing excelled and a following [mention of a] thing excelling: as in the saying, [in the Qur'an, 9:38,] فَمَا مَتَاعُ الْحَيٰوةِ الدُّنْيَا فِى الْاخِرَةِ إِلَّا قَلِيلٌ [But the enjoyment of the present life, in comparison with that which is to come, is no other than little]. (Mughnee, K.)

It is also used for compensation; and this is when it is redundant as a compensation for another [فِى] which is suppressed: as in the saying, ضَرَبْتُ فِيمَنْ رَغِبْتَ for ضَرَبْتُ مَنْ رَغِبْتَ فِيهِ [I beat, or struck, him whom thou desiredst]: (Mughnee, K:) but this is allowed by Ibn-Málik alone. (Mughnee.)

And it is used for corroboration: (Mughnee, K:) this is when it is redundant without its being for compensation: and this El-Fárisee allows in a case of necessity in verse; citing as an example,

أَنَا أَبُوا سَعْدٍ إِذَا اللَّيْلُ دَجَا

تَخَالُ فِى سَوَادِهِ يَرَنْدَجَا

[I am Aboo-Saad; when the night becomes dark, thou imagining its blackness to be black leather]. (Mughnee.) And it is thus used in the saying, in the Qur'an, 11:43, وَقَالَ ارْكَبُوا فِيهَا [for ارْكَبُوهَا, i. e. And he said, Embark ye therein, the like of which occurs also in xviii. 70 and xxix. 65], (Mughnee, K,) according to some. (Mughnee.)

-A2- فِى as a prefixed noun in the gen. case, synonym with فَم, and فِىَّ as synonym with فَمِى, see voce فُوهٌ, in article فوه.