قَوْسٌ
1.
[A bow;] a certain thing, well known, (A, K,) with which one shoots: (M, TA:) of the feminine gender: (IAmb, M, Msb:) or masculine and feminine: (S, Msb:) or sometimes masculine: (A, K:) plural [of pauc.] أَقْوَاسٌ (IAmb, S, A, Msb, K) and أَقْيَاسٌ, (TA, and so in some copies of the K, in the place of the former,) the ى being interchangeable with the و, (TA,) and [of mult.] قِسِىٌّ, (S, A, Msb, K,) originally قُوُوسٌ, (S, TA,) which is not used, (TA,) of the neasure فُعُولٌ, (S, Msb,) first changed to قُسُوٌّ, of he measure فُلُوعٌ, and then to قِسِىٌّ, of the measure فِلِيعٌ, like عِصِىٌّ, (S,) and قُسِىٌّ, (Fr, Sgh, K,) from the same original, (TA,) [like عُصِىٌّ,] and قِيَاسٌ, (IAmb, S, A, Msb, K,) which is more agreeable with analogy than قسىّ. (TA.) The diminutive is قُوَيْسٌ, (IAmb, M, Msb, K,) without ة, contr. to rule, as the word is feminine, (M, TA,) and قُوَيْسَةٌ, (IAmb, Msb, K,) sometimes: (IAmb, Msb:) or the former according to those who make قوس to be masculine, (S,) and the latter according to those who make it to be feminine (S, Msb.) It is prefixed to another word to give it a special signification. Thus you say, قَوْسُ نَبْلٍ
An Arabian bow. And قَوْسُ نُشَّابٍ
A Persian bow. And قَوْسُ حُسْبَانٍ [A bow for shooting a certain kind of short arrows]. And قَوْسُ جُلَاهِقٍ [A cross-bow]. And قَوْسُ نَدْفٍ [A bow for loosening and separating cotton]. (Msb.)
2.
[Hence the saying,] فُلَانٌ لَا يَمُدُّ قَوْسَهُ أَحَدٌ [Such a one, no one will pull his bow;] i. e., (tropical:) no one will vie with him, or compete with him. (A, TA.) And رَمَوْنَا عَنْ قَوْسٍ وَاحِدٍ, (A, TA,) or وَاحِدَةٍ, (Mgh,) [lit., They shot at us from one bow: meaning, (tropical:) they were unanimous against us;] a proverb denoting agreement. (Mgh.) [In the Msb, رَمَوْهُمْ and وَاحِدَةٍ.] And هُوَ مِنْ
خَيْرِ قُوَيْسٍ سَهْمًا; (S, L, K; except that in the L and K, for قويس, we find قَوْسٍ;) (tropical:) [He is of the best of a little bow, as an arrow; i. e., he is one of the best arrows of a little bow;] or صَارَ خَيْرَ
قُوَيْسٍ سَهْمًا (A, K) (tropical:) [He became the best of a little bow, as an arrow; i. e., he became the best arrow of a little bow:] a proverb [See Arab. Prov. i. 718] applied to him who has become mighty after being of mean condition: (A:) or to him who opposeth thee and then returns to doing what thou likest. (A, K.) [Hence also the phrase in the Qur'an, 53:9,] فَكَانَ قَابَ قَوْسَيْنِ
And he was at the distance of two Arabian bows: or two cubits [this is apparently an explanation by one who holds قَابَ قَوْسَيْنِ to be for قَابَىَ قَوْسٍ:] (K:) or the meaning is, قَابَىْ قَوْسٍ, i. e., [at the distance of the measure of] the two portions between the part of a bow that is grasped by the hand and each of the curved extremities. (TA.) See also article قوب.
3.
4.
5.
قَوْسُ الرَّجُلِ (assumed tropical:) The bowed, or bent, part of the back of a man. (IAar.)
6.
أَقْوَاسُ البَعِيِر (tropical:) The anterior ribs of the camel. (A.)
7.
Also قَوْسٌ (tropical:) What remains, of dates, (S, A, * K,) in the [receptacle called] جُلَّة, (S,) or in the bottom thereof, (K,) or in the sides thereof, like a bow: (A:) or, according to Zeyd Ibn-Kuthweh, the fourth part of the
جُلَّة, of dates; like رِزْمَةٌ: (TA in article رزم:) in this sense, also, it is feminine: or a number of dates collected together: plural as above. (TA in the present article)
8.
Also, A cubit: (S, K:) sometimes used in this sense: (S:) because a thing is measured (يُقَاسُ) with it. (K.)