عَاقِلٌ
1.
[act. particle n. of عَقَلَ: and as such,] The payer of a bloodwit: plural [or rather coll. gen. n.]
عَاقِلَةٌ: (Msb:) the latter is an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates; (TA;) and signifies a man's party (S, Mgh, O, K, TA) who league together to defend one another, (S, O, K, TA,) consisting of the relations on the father's side, (S, Mgh, * O, TA,) who pay the bloodwit (S, Mgh, O, TA) [apparently in conjunction with the slayer] for him who has been slain unintentionally: (S, O, TA:) it was decided by the Prophet that it was to be paid in three years, to the heirs of the person slain: (TA:) they look to the offender's brothers on the father's side, who, if they take it upon them, pay it in three years: if they do not take it upon them, the debt is transferred to the sons [meaning all the male descendants] of his grandfather; and in default of their doing so, to those of his father's grandfather; and in default of their doing so, to those of his grandfather's grandfather; and so on: it is not transferred from any one of these classes unless they are unable [to pay it]: and such as are enrolled in a register [of soldiers or pensioners or any corporation] are alike in respect of the bloodwit: (IAth, TA:) or, according to the people of El-'Irák, it means the persons enrolled in the registers [of soldiers or of others]: (S, O:) or it is applied to the persons of the register which was that of the slayer; who derive their subsistence-money, or allowances, from the revenues of a particular register: (Mgh:) Ahmad Ibn-Hambal is related to have said to Is-hák Ibn-Mansoor, it is applied to the tribe (قَبِيلَة) [of the slayer]; but that they bear responsibility [only] in proportion to their ability; and that if there is no عَاقِلَة, it [i. e. the bloodwit] is not to be from the property of the offender; but Is-hák says that in this case it is to be from the treasury of the state, the bloodwit not being [in any case] made a thing of no account: (TA:) the plural of عَاقِلَةٌ thus applied is عَوَاقِلُ. (Msb.)
2.
عَاقِلٌ also signifies Having, or possessing,
عَقْل [i. e. intelligence, understanding, &c.; or intelligent, &c.; a rational being]; (S, O, Msb, K;) and so
عَقُولٌ, (S, O, K,) or this latter has an intensive signification [i. e. having much intelligence &c.]: (TA: [see an example in a saying cited voce أَبْلَهُ, in article بله:]) the former is explained by some as applied to a man who withholds, or restrains, and turns back, his soul from its inclinations, or blamable inclinations: (TA:) and it is likewise applied to a woman, as also عَاقِلَةٌ: (Msb:) the plural masculine is عُقَّالٌ and عُقَلَاءُ, (Msb, K,) this latter plural sometimes used; and the plural feminine is عَوَاقِلُ and عَاقِلَاتٌ. (Msb.)
3.
عَاقِلٌ is also applied to a mountaingoat, as an epithet, signifying That protects himself in his mountain from the hunter: (TA:) [and in like manner
عَقُولٌ is said by Freytag to be used in the Deewán of Jereer.] And it is [also] a name for A mountain-goat, (S, O,) or a gazelle; (K;) because it renders itself inaccessible in a high mountain. (S, O, K. *)