أَدْنَى

Nearer, and nearest; opposed to أَقْصَى: (TA:) feminine دُنْيَا; (M, TA;) in which the [radical] و is changed into ى, as in عُلْيَا and قُصْيَا: (ISd, TA voce بُقْوَى:) [the plural of the masculine is أَدَانٍ and أَدْنَوْنَ; the latter in the accusative and gen. أَدْنَيْنِ: and] the plural of the feminine, دُنًى, (S, K, TA,) like كُبَرٌ plural of كُبْرَى, and صُغَرٌ plural of صُغْرَى; (S, TA;) said by some to be extr. and strange [in respect of usage]; and El-Mutanebbee has been blamed for using it; (MF, TA;) but in the case referred to he has used الدُّنَى for الدُّنْيَا, [not as a plural,] suppressing the ى by poetic license. (TA.) [Hence,] غُلِبَتِ الرُّومُ فِى أَدْنَى الأَرْضِ, in the Qur'an, 30:1 and 2, The Greeks have been overcome in the nearer, or nearest, part of the land. (Bd, Jel.) And الجَمْرَةُ الدُّنْيَا [The nearest heap of pebbles;] the heap of pebbles nearest to Minè. (TA. [See article جمر.]) And السَّمَاءُ الدُّنْيَا [The nearest heaven; i. e. the lowest;] the heaven that is the nearest to us: (T, TA:) also called سَمَاءُ الدُّنْيَا [which means the heaven of the present world; as will be seen from what follows]. (TA.) See also exs. of the feminine in the paragraph commencing with the words هُوَ ابْنُ عَمٍّ دِنْىٍ, in four places.

Also Former, and first; and fore, and foremost; opposed to اخِرٌ. (TA.) [Hence,] ↓ لَقِيتُهُ أَدْنَى دَنِىٍّ (S, K, TA) and ↓ أَدْنَى دَنًا, (K, TA, [in the CK, erroneously, ادنى دَنّىٰ and ادنى دَنِىٍّ,]) i. e. I met him the first thing. (S, K.) [And أَدْنَى الفَمِ The fore, or foremost, part of the mouth.] And الدُّنْيَا [for الدَّارُ الدُّنْيَا, and الحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا, The former dwelling, or abode, and life; i. e. the present world, and life, or state of existence]; opposite of الاخِرَةُ: (M, K:) [or] it is so called because of its nearness: (T, S:) [and may be rendered the sublunary abode, &c.: and the inferior abode, &c. It also signifies The enjoyments, blessings, or good, of the present world, or life; worldly blessings or prosperity, &c.] And sometimes it is with tenween, (K, TA,) when used indeterminately: (TA:) [thus,] IAar mentions the saying مَا لَهُ دُنْيًا وَ لَا اخِرَةٌ [as meaning He has none of the enjoyments, or blessings, of the present world, nor in prospect any enjoyments, or blessings, of the world to come]; with tenween. (M, TA.) And you say, بَاعَ دُنْيَاهُ بِاخِرَتِهِ [He purchased his enjoyments of the present world at the expense of his enjoyments of the world to come]. (Z, TA in article بيع.) And اَبْنُ الدُّنْيَا means The rich man. (Msb in article بنى.)

Also More, and most, apt, fit, or proper: thus in the Qur'an, 33:59, in the phrase ذٰلِكَ أَدْنَى أَنْ يُعَرَفْنَ [That will be more, or most, apt, fit, or proper, that they may be known]; (Ksh, Mgh;) i. e., that they may be known to be free women, as distinguished from female slaves, who did not cover their faces. (Jel.)

Also Less [in number or quantity &c.], and least [therein]; opposed to أَكْثَرُ. (TA.) وَلَا أَدْنَى مِنْ ذٰلِكَ وَلَاأَكْثَرَ, in the Qur'an, 58:8, means Nor less in number than that, nor more in number. (Bd.) And وَلَنُذِيقَنَّهُمْ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ الْأَدْنَى دُونَ الْعَذَابِ الْأَكْبَرِ, in the Qur'an, 32:21, lit. And we will assuredly make them to taste of the smaller punishment besides the greater punishment], means, according to Zj, whatever punishment is inflicted in the present world and the punishment of the world to come. (M.)

Also Worse, [or inferior in quality,] and worst; or more, and most, low, ignoble, base, vile, mean, or weak; opposed to خَيْرٌ. (TA.) It is said in the Qur'an, 2:58, أَتَسْتَبْدِلُونَ الَّذِى هُوَ أَدْنَى بِالَّذِى هُوَ خَيْرٌ [Will ye take in exchange that which is worse, or inferior, for that which is better? or], according to Zj, meaning that which is less in value [for that which is better]? ادنى being thus, without ء: Fr says that it is here from الدَّنَاءَةٌ: and Zuheyr El-Kurkubee [or (according to some) El-Furkubee] read أَدْنَأُ. (T.)