فَضَلَ

, aorist فَضُلَ ; and فَضِلَ, aorist فَضِلَ ; and فَضِلَ, aorist فَضُلَ ; three synonym dialect vars.; (S, O, Msb, K;) the second mentioned by ISk; and the third [said to be] anomalous and unparalleled; (S, O;) [but] it is a compound of two thereof, (S, O, Msb, K,) according to the companions of Sb, (S, O,) i. e. a compound of the second and the third, (K,) like نَعِمَ having for its aorist يَنْعُمُ, (Sb, S, O, Msb,) and نَكِلَ, aorist يَنْكُلُ, [but this I do not find in its proper article,] and حَضِرَ, aorist يَحْضُرُ, [but this is disallowed by some,] and فَرِغَ, aorist يَفْرُغُ, among perfect verbs, (Msb,) and مِتَّ, aorist تَمُوتُ, and دِمْتَ, aorist تَدُومُ, (Sb, S, O, Msb,) and كِدْتَ, aorist تَكُودُ; (Sb, S;) verbal noun فَضْلٌ: (S, * O, * Msb, K: *) all signify It exceeded; or was, or became, redundant, or superfluous; [synonym زَادَ;] being used in relation to الفَضْلُ (K, MF, TA) meaning الزِّيَادَةُ, as Ibn-Es-Seed says, (MF, TA,) [i. e.] as meaning the opposite of النَّقْصُ: (K, TA:) or the first of the three, i. e. فضَلَ, aorist فَضُلَ , verbal noun فَضْلٌ, signifies thus, i. q. زَادَ, (Msb,) and فُضْلٌ and فُضُلٌ are also inf. ns. [of the same, i. e.] signifying زِيَادَةٌ, as in the saying, in a tradition, according to different relaters, إِنَّ لِلّٰهِ مَلَايءِكَةً سَيَّارَةً فُضْلًا عَلَى المَلَايءِكَةِ المُرَتَّبِينَ مَعَ الخَلَايءِقِ and فُضُلًا [i. e. Verily to God belong angels who occupy themselves in ranging about, in addition to the angels who are stationed among the created, or human and other, beings]: (TA:) and all the three dialect vars. mentioned above signify it remained [of a greater quantity or number]; synonym بَقِىَ; (S, * O, * Msb;) you say, فَضَلَ مِنْهُ شَىْءٌ, aorist فَضُلَ ; and فَضِلَ, aorist فَضَلَ ; and فَضِلَ, aorist فَضُلَ ; somewhat remained thereof: (S, O:) or from الفَضْلُ as meaning البَقِيَّةُ, you say فَضَلَ like نَصَرَ, [i. e. aorist فَضُلَ ,] and فَضِلَ like حَسِبَ, [implying that the aorist is فَضَلَ and فَضِلَ ,] (K,) [according to the TK meaning it had somewhat remaining, but according to SM,] using these verbs [which are said by him to be like نَصَرَ and سَمِعَ and حَسِبَ, the last as mentioned by Lh,] in the phrase فَضَلَ مِنْهُ شَىْءٌ [explained above]. (TA.)

[فَضَلَ is transitive as well as intrans.] One says, فَضَلَهُ and فَضَلَ عَلَيْهِ, [aorist فَضُلَ ,] inf. ns. فَضْلٌ and فُضُولٌ, [but see a distinction made between these two words voce فَضْلٌ, below,] meaning He, or it, exceeded, or excelled, him, or it. (MA.) See also 4. [And see فَضْلٌ below, last signification.] الفَضْلُ as meaning The overcoming, or surpassing, in highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation, has but one form of verb, فَضَلَ, aorist فَضُلَ , like قَعَدَ, aorist يَقْعُدُ: he who relates the saying of the poet,

وَجَدْنَا نَهْشَلًا فَضَلَتْ فُقَيْمَا

[We found, or have found, that Nahshal (the tribe so called) overcame &c., or have overcome &c., Fukeym (another tribe)], pronouncing the ض [in فضلت] with kesr, errs; not distinguishing between the two meanings: so says Ibn-Es-Seed, in the book entitled “ Kitáb el-Fark: ” and Es- Seymuree says, in his book entitled “ Kitáb etTebsireh, ” فَضَلَ, aorist فَضُلَ , like نَصَرَ, aorist يَنْصُرُ, is from الفَضْلُ meaning the ruling [others] as a chief, lord, or master. (TA.) And فَضَلَهُ signifies also [simply] He overcame him; surpassed him; or gained ascendency, or the mastery, over him. (TA.) See also 3.