أَسِفَ

, aorist اَسَفَ , verbal noun أَسَفٌ, (M, Msb, K,) He grieved, lamented, or regretted: and he was angry: (Msb:) or he grieved exceedingly: and he was exceedingly angry: (M:) or he grieved most intensely: (K:) some say that أَسَفٌ signifies the grieving for a thing that has escaped; not in an absolute sense: (MF:) or it properly signifies the rising, or swelling, or mantling, of the blood of the heart, from desire of vengeance; and when this is against an inferior, it is anger; but when against a superior, it is grief. (Er-Rághib.) Mo- hammad, being asked respecting sudden death, answered, saying, رَاحَةٌ لِلْمُوءْمِنِ وَأَخْذَةُ أَسَفٍ لِلْكَافِرِ, or according to one recital, ↓ أَسِفٍ, i. e. [Rest, or ease, to the believer, and an act of punishment] of anger [to the unbeliever], or of one who is angry. (K.) You say, أَسِفَ عَلَى مَا فَاتَهُ, verbal noun as above; (S;) and ↓ تأسّف; (S, M, * K; *) He grieved, or lamented, for, or at, or regretted, most intensely, what had escaped him: (S, M, * K:) and أَسِفَ عَلَيْهِ, (S, K,) verbal noun as above, (S,) he was angry with him, or at it: (S, K:) or أَسِفَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى كَذَا وَكَذَا and ↓ تأسّف, signify, according to some, such a one grieved, or lamented, for, or at, such and such things which had escaped him: or, according to others, grieved, or lamented, most intensely. (IAmb.) أَسَفًا in the Qur'an, 18:5 means, according to Ed-Dahhák, جَزَعًا [i.e. In grief, or in most violent grief, &c.]: or, according to Katádeh, in anger. (TA.) And يَا أَسَفَا عَلَى يُوسُفِ, in the Qur'an, 12:84, means يَا جَزَعَاهُ [O my grief for Joseph: or O my most violent grief]. (TA.)