ا • ث • م

, (Lth, S, M, &c.,) aor. اَثَمَ , (Lth, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِثْمٌ, (S, K,) or أَثَمٌ, the former being a simple subst., (Msb,) and مَأْثَمٌ, (S, K,) He fell into what is termed إِثْمٌ [i. e. a sin, or crime, &c.]; (Lth, T, S, M, Msb, * K *;) [he sinned; committed a sin, or crime;] he did what was unlawful: (M, * K:) and ↓ تَأْثِيمٌ signifies the same as إِثْمٌ: (K:) it may be either an inf. n. of ↓ أَثَمَ, which [says ISd] I have not heard, or, as Sb holds it to be, a simple subst. like تَنْبِيتٌ: (M:) and is said to be used in the sense of إِثْم in the Kur lii. 23 [and lvi. 24]. (TA.) [It should be added also, that ↓ تأْثَامٌ, like تَكْذَابٌ, is syn. with تأْثِيمٌ and إِثْمٌ; and, like تأثيم, may be an inf. n. of ↓ أَثَّمَ, or a simple subst.: see an ex. voce بَرُوقٌ.] In the dial. of some of the Arabs, the first letter of the aor. is with kesr, as in تِعْلَمُ and نِعْلَمُ; and as the hemzeh in إِثْمٌ is with kesr, the radical hemzeh [in the aor.] is changed into ى; so that they say إِيثَمُ and تِيثَمُ [for اثَمُ and تَأْثَمُ.] (TA.) In the saying,

لَوْ قُلْتَ مَا فِى قَوْمَهَا لَمْ تِيثَمِ

يَفْضُلَهَا فِى حَسَبٍ وَمِيسَمِ

the meaning is, [Shouldst thou say, thou wouldst not sin, or do wrong, in so saying,] There is not, among her people, any one who excels her [in grounds of pretension to respect, and in impress, or character, of beauty]. (M.) -A2- أَثَمَهُ اللّٰهُ فِى كَذَا, aor. اَثُمَ (S, K) and اَثِمَ , (S,) or اَثَمَ , (K,) but there is no other authority than the K for this last, nor is there any reason for it, as the medial radical letter is not faucial, nor is the final, and in the Iktitáf el-Azáhir the aor. is said to be اَثِمَ and اَثُمَ , (MF, TA,) [God reckoned him to have sinned, or committed a crime or the like, in such a thing; or] God reckoned such a thing against him as an إِثْم: (S, K:) or أَثَمَهُ, aor. اَثِمَ (Fr, T, M, Msb) and اَثُمَ , (Msb,) inf. n. أَثْمٌ (Fr, T, Msb) and أَثَامٌ (Fr, T, TA) and إِثَامٌ, (Fr, TA,) He (God) requited him, (Fr, T,) or punished him, (M,) for what is termed إِثْمٌ [i. e. sin, or crime, &c.]: (Fr, T, M:) [see also أَثَامٌ below:] or he (a man) pronounced him to be اثم [i. e. a sinner, or the like]: (Msb:) [or] ↓ اثَمَهُ, aor. يَوءْثِمُهُ, has this last signification, said of God; and also signifies He found him to be so. (T.) You say also, أَثَمَتِ النَّاقَةُ المَشْىَ, aor. اَثِمَ , inf. n. أَثْمٌ, The she-camel was slow. (M.)

, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَأْثِيمٌ, (Msb, K,) He said to him أَثِمْتَ [Thou hast fallen into a sin, or crime, &c.; hast sinned, &c.]. (S, Msb, K.) -A2- See also 1, first and second sentences.

He made him, or caused him, to fall into what is termed إِثْمٌ [i. e. a sin, or crime, &c.], (Zj, S, M, K,) or what is termed ذَنْبٌ. (Msb.) See also 1, last sentence but one.

He abstained from what is termed إِثْمٌ [i. e. sin, or crime, &c.]; (T, S, M, Msb, K;) like تَحَرَّجَ meaning “ he preserved himself from what is termed حَرَجٌ: ” (Msb:) or he did a work, or deed, whereby he escaped from what is termed إِثْمٌ: (TA:) and he repented of what is so termed, (M, K,) and begged forgiveness of it; as though he removed the إِثْم itself by repentance and by begging forgiveness; or sought to do so by those two means. (M.) You say also, تأثّم مِنْ كَذَا He abstained from such a thing as a sin, or crime; syn. تَحَّنَثَ, q. v. (S, K, in art. حنث.)

Falling into what is termed إِثمٌ [i. e. a sin, or crime, &c.]; (S, Msb, * K; *) [sinning; committing a sin, or crime;] doing what is unlawful: (K:) and in like manner, (S, Msb, K,) but having an intensive signification, (Msb,) ↓ أَثِيمٌ, and ↓ أَثُومٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) and ↓ أَثَّامٌ: (M, Msb, K: [in the CK, erroneously, without teshdeed:]) the pl. of the first of these three is أُثَمَاءُ; that of the second, أُثُمٌ; and that of the third, أَثَّامُونَ. (M.) See also أَثِيمٌ. اثِمَةٌ, (S,) and اثِمَاتٌ, (S, M, K, [in the CK, erroneously, اَثِماتٌ.]) A she-camel, (S,) and she-camels, slow, or tardy; (S, M, K;) weary, fatigued, or jaded. (K. [In the CK, we find مُعِيْباتٌ erroneously put for مُعْيِيَاتٌ.]) Some pronounce it with ت. (Sgh.) [In like manner,] ↓ مُوءَاثِمٌ signifies That is slack, or slow, in pace, or going; اَلَّذِى يَكْذِبُ فِى السَّيْرِ. (Sgh, K. [In Golius's Lex., as from the K, اَلَّذِى يُكَذِّبُ السَّيْرَ. Both are correct, signifying the same.])

: see إِثْمٌ. Also The requital, or recompense, of إِثّم [i. e. sin, or crime, &c.]: (T, S, M, Msb:) so says Zj, (T, M,) and in like manner say Kh and Sb: (T:) or punishment (Yoo, Lth, T, M, K) thereof: (Lth, T, M:) and ↓ إِثَامٌ and ↓ مَأْثَمٌ signify the same; (M, K;) the latter like مَقْعَدٌ. (TA. [In the CK this is written مَأثِم.]) So in the Kur [xxv. 68], يَلْقَ أَثَامَا [He shall find a requital, or recompense, or a punishment, of sin]: (T, S, M:) in my opinion, [says ISd,] the correct meaning is, he shall find the punishment of اثَام [or sins]: but some say, the meaning is that which here follows. (M.) A valley in Hell. (M, K.)

: see اثِمٌ. Also A great, or habitual, liar; or one who lies much; and so ↓ أَثُومٌ. (K.) So in the Kur ii. 277: or it there signifies Burdened with إثْم [or sin, &c.]. (TA.) In the Kur xliv. 44, it means, accord. to Fr, The unrighteous, or sinning; like ↓ اثِمٌ: (T:) or the unbeliever: (TA:) or, accord. to Zj, in this instance, (M,) by the اثيم is meant Aboo-Jahl. (M, K.) -A2- Also The commission of إِثْم [sin, or crime, &c.,] much, or frequently; and so ↓ أَثِيمَةٌ. (M, K.)

: see أَثِيمٌ.

: see اثِمٌ; and أَثِيمٌ.

: see إِثْمٌ: and أَثَامٌ.

[accord. to some, an inf. n.; see أَثِمَ: accord. to others, only a simple subst., signifying] A sin, a crime, a fault, an offence, or an act of disobedience, syn. ذَنْبٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) for which one deserves punishment; differing from ذَنْبٌ inasmuch as this signifies both what is intentional and what is unintentional: (Kull:) or [so accord. to the M, but in the K “ and, ”] an unlawful deed: (M, K:) or a deed which retards from recompense: or, accord. to Fr, what is exclusive of the [punishment termed] حَدّ: accord. to Er-Rághib, it is a term of more general import than عُدَوانٌ: (TA:) ↓ مَأْثَمٌ [which is originally an inf. n. of أَثِمَ] is syn. with إِثْمٌ; (T, * Mgh;) and so, too, is ↓ أَثَامٌ, (Msb,) or ↓ إِثَامٌ, signifying a deed retarding recompense: (TA:) the pl. of إِثْمٌ is اثَامٌ: (M:) and the pl. of ↓ مَأْثَمٌ is مَاثِمُ. (T.) [Sometimes it is prefixed to a noun or pronoun denoting its object: and sometimes it means (assumed tropical:) The punishment of a sin &c.: see explanations of a passage in the Kur v. 32, voce بَاءَ.] Wine: (Aboo-Bekr El-Iyádee, T, S, M, K:) sometimes used in this sense; (S;) but tropically; not properly: (IAmb:) I think, [says ISd,] because the drinking thereof is what is thus termed. (M.) [And for a like reason,] (assumed tropical:) Contention for stakes, or wagers, in a game of hazard; syn. قِمَارٌ; (M, K;) which is a man's destruction of his property. (M.) It is said in the Kur [ii. 216, respecting wine and the game called المَيْسِر], قُلْ فِهِيمَا إِثْمٌ كَبِيرٌ وَ مَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ [Say thou, In them both are great sin and means of profit to men]: and Th says, when they contended in a game of this kind, and won, they gave food and alms, and these were means of profit. (M.)

: see إِثْمٌ, in two places: and see أَثَامٌ.

[Reckoned to have sinned, or the like;] having a thing reckoned against him as an إِثْم: (S:) or requited for what is termed إِثْمٌ. (Fr, T.)

: see اثِمٌ.

: see 1.

: see 1.