أَثِمَ
1.
, (Lth, S, M, &c.,) aorist
اَثَمَ
, (Lth, M, Msb, K,) verbal noun إِثْمٌ, (S, K,) or أَثَمٌ, the former being a simple subst., (Msb,) and مَأْثَمٌ, (S, K,) He fell into what is termed
إِثْمٌ [i. e. a sin, or crime, &c.]; (Lth, T, S, M, Msb, * K *;) [he sinned; committed a sin, or crime;] he did what was unlawful: (M, * K:) and
تَأْثِيمٌ signifies the same as إِثْمٌ: (K:) it may be either a verbal noun of
أَثَمَ, which [says ISd] I have not heard, or, as Sb holds it to be, a simple subst. like تَنْبِيتٌ: (M:) and is said to be used in the sense of إِثْم in the Qur'an, 52:23 [and lvi. 24]. (TA.) [It should be added also, that
تأْثَامٌ, like تَكْذَابٌ, is synonym with تأْثِيمٌ and إِثْمٌ; and, like تأثيم, may be a verbal noun of
أَثَّمَ, or a simple subst.: see an example voce بَرُوقٌ.] In the dialect of some of the Arabs, the first letter of the aorist is with kesr, as in تِعْلَمُ and نِعْلَمُ; and as the hemzeh in إِثْمٌ is with kesr, the radical hemzeh [in the aorist] is changed into ى; so that they say إِيثَمُ and تِيثَمُ [for اثَمُ and تَأْثَمُ.] (TA.) In the saying,
the meaning is, [Shouldst thou say, thou wouldst not sin, or do wrong, in so saying,] There is not, among her people, any one who excels her [in grounds of pretension to respect, and in impress, or character, of beauty]. (M.)لَوْ قُلْتَ مَا فِى قَوْمَهَا لَمْ تِيثَمِيَفْضُلَهَا فِى حَسَبٍ وَمِيسَمِ
2.
أَثَمَهُ اللّٰهُ فِى كَذَا, aorist
اَثُمَ
(S, K) and
اَثِمَ
, (S,) or
اَثَمَ
, (K,) but there is no other authority than the K for this last, nor is there any reason for it, as the medial radical letter is not faucial, nor is the final, and in the Iktitáf el-Azáhir the aorist is said to be
اَثِمَ
and
اَثُمَ
, (MF, TA,) [God reckoned him to have sinned, or committed a crime or the like, in such a thing; or] God reckoned such a thing against him as an
إِثْم: (S, K:) or أَثَمَهُ, aorist
اَثِمَ
(Fr, T, M, Msb) and
اَثُمَ
, (Msb,) verbal noun أَثْمٌ (Fr, T, Msb) and أَثَامٌ (Fr, T, TA) and إِثَامٌ, (Fr, TA,) He (God) requited him, (Fr, T,) or punished him, (M,) for what is termed
إِثْمٌ [i. e. sin, or crime, &c.]: (Fr, T, M:) [see also أَثَامٌ below:] or he (a man) pronounced him to be
اثم [i. e. a sinner, or the like]: (Msb:) [or]
اثَمَهُ, aorist يَوءْثِمُهُ, has this last signification, said of God; and also signifies He found him to be so. (T.)
3.
You say also, أَثَمَتِ النَّاقَةُ المَشْىَ, aorist
اَثِمَ
, verbal noun أَثْمٌ, The she-camel was slow. (M.)