قَعِيدٌ
1.
A companion in sitting: (S, AHeyth, L, K:) of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مُفَاعِلٌ. (L.)
2.
A preserver; a keeper; a guardian; a watcher. (L, K.) [In some copies of the K, by the omission of وَ, this meaning is assigned to مُقَاعِدٌ.] It is used alike as singular and plural and masculine and feminine (L, K) and dual also. (L.) It is said in the Qur'an, 50:16,] عَنِ
اليَمِينِ وَعَنِ الشِمَالِ قَعِيدٌ [On the right and on the left a sitter, or guardian, or watcher]: respecting which it is observed, that فَعِيلٌ and فَعُولٌ are of the measures used alike as singular and dual and plural; as in إِنَّا رَسُولُ رَبِّكَ, [Qur'an, 11:83, according to one reading,] and وَالمَلَايءِكَةُ بَعْدَ ذٰلِكَ ظَهِيرٌ, [Qur'an, 66:4:] (S, L:) or, as the grammarians say, قَعِيدٌ is understood after اليمين. (L.)
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قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهَ, and اللّٰهَ
قَعْدَكَ, and اللّٰهَ
قِعْدَكَ, (K,) but the last was unknown to AHeyth, (L,) [By thy Watcher, or Keeper, God:
قعيد and
قعد being epithets, put in the acc. case because of the preposition بِ understood: or] I conjure thee by God; synonym نَشَدْتُكَ اللّٰهَ: some say, the meaning is, as though God were sitting with thee, watching over thee, or keeping thee: [in some copies of the K, for بِحِفْظِهِ عَلَيْكَ, the reading in the TA, we find يَحْفَظُهُ عَلَيْكَ:] or by thy Companion, who is the Companion of every secret, [namely God] ! قَعِيدَكَ لَا اتِيكَ, and لا اتيك
قِعْدَكَ; and قَعِيدَكَ
اللّٰهَ لا اتيك, and اللّٰهَ لا اتيك
قِعْدَكَ; are forms of swearing used by the Arabs, in which قعيد and
قعد are inf. us. put in the acc. case because of a verb understood; [or rather, as it appears to me, and as I have said above, they are epithets, put in the acc. case because of the preposition بِ understood;] and the meaning is, By thy Companion, who is the Companion of every secret, [I will not come to thee; and by thy Companion, &c., or by thy Watcher, or Keeper, God, I will not come to thee;] like as one says نَشَدْتُكَ اللّٰهَ: (S, L:) some say, that قعيد and
قعد signify here a watcher, or an observer, and a preserver, a keeper, or a guardian, that God is meant by them, and that they are in the acc. case because أُقْسِمُ followed by the preposition بِ is understood; [the meaning being I swear by thy Watcher, or Keeper, &c., God, &c.; and this opinion is the more agreeable with the explanation given above, “ By thy Companion &c. ”:] others say, that they are inf. ns., and that the meaning is, I swear by thy regard, or fear, of God,
بِمُرَاقَبَتِكَ اللّٰهَ: El-Mázinee and others, however, assert that قعيد has no verb. (MF.)
5.
Ks says that اللّٰهُ
قِعْدَكَ [اللّٰه being in the nom. case] signifies God be with thee! (L.) [or God be thy Companion, or Watcher, or Keeper!]; and so does قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهُ. (AHeyth, L.) [Or] قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهَ, (IB, L, K,) and قِعْدَكَ اللّٰهَ, (K,) and قَعْدَكَ اللّٰهَ, (IB, L, TA,) [are] expressions of conciliation, not oaths, as they have not the complement of an oath: the former word in each is a verbal noun occupying the place of a verb, and therefore is put in the acc. case, as in عَمْرَكَ اللّٰهَ, which means عَمَّرْتُكَ اللّٰهَ, i. e., I beg God to prolong thy life: in like manner, قَعَّدْتُكَ اللّٰهَ [in the K, قِعْدَكَ,] signifies, [and so the three first phrases above, of which it is the original form,] I beg God to preserve, keep, guard, or watch, thee; from the saying in the Qur'an, 50:16,] عَنِ اليَمِينِ
وَعَنِ الشِّمَالِ قَعِيدٌ, i. e. حَفِيظٌ. (Aboo-'Alee, IB, L, K. *) قَعِيدَ كُمَا اللّٰهَ is used in interrogative phrases and in phrases conveying an oath, [and so is
قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهَ]. You say, interrogatively, قَعِبدَكُمَا
اللّٰهَ أَلَمْ يَكُنْ كَذَا وَكَذَا [I beg God to preserve, keep, guard, or watch, thee. Was it not so and so?]: and in the other case, قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهَ لَأُكْرِمَنَّكَ [By thy Watcher, or Keeper, God, I will assuredly pay thee honour!] (Th, L.)
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