فِتْنَةٌ
1.
A burning with fire. (T.)
2.
3.
And [hence, or] from فَتَنَ signifying “ he melted, ” (T,) or from that verb as signifying “ he put into the fire, “ (Msb,) gold, and silver, “ for that purpose, ” (T, Msb,) it signifies A trial, or probation; (IAar, T, S, M, K, TA;) and affliction, distress, or hardship; (TA;) and [particularly] an affliction whereby one is tried, proved, or tested: (IAar, T, S, K, TA:) this is the sum of its meaning in the language of the Arabs: (T, TA: *) or the trial whereby the condition of a man may be evinced: this, according to Zj, may be the meaning in the Qur'an, 5:45: (M:) or a mean whereby the condition of a man is evinced, in respect of good and of evil: (Kull:) [hence it often means a temptation:] and
مَفْتُونٌ signifies the same as فِتْنَةٌ, (S, M, K,) meaning a trial: (K:) the plural of فِتْنَةٌ is فِتَنٌ. (Msb.) It proceeds from God and from man: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [there are many instances of its proceeding from God in the Qur'an; for example, in xxxvii. 61,] إِنَّا
جَعَلْنَاهَا فِتْنَةً لِلظَّالِمِينَ i. e. [Verily we have made it to be] a trial [to the wrongdoers] is said in relation to the tree Ez-Zakkoom; the existence of which they disbelieved; for when they heard that it comes forth in the bottom of Hell, they said, Trees become burned in the fire; then how can they grow therein? (M.) [And hence] it signifies also Punishment, castigation, or chastisement. (T, M, K.) And Slaughter: (T:) and civil war, or conflict occurring among people: (M:) and slaughter, and war, and faction, or sedition, among the parties of the Muslims when they form themselves into parties: (T:) and discord, dissension, or difference of opinions, among the people. (IAar, T, K.) A misleading; or causing to err, or go astray: (T, K:) [seduction; or temptation: or a cause thereof; such as] the ornature, finery, show, or pomp, and the desires, or lusts, of the present life or world, whereby one is tried: (T:) and wealth, or children; (T, K, TA;) because one is tried thereby: (TA:) and women; than whom, the Prophet said, there is no فِتْنَة more harmful to men: (T:) and a cause of one's being pleased with a thing; (T, M, K;) as in the saying لَا تَجْعَلْنَا فِتْنَةً لِلْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ [in the Qur'an, 10:85, i. e. Make not us to be a cause of pleasure
to the wrongdoing people]; meaning, make not them to prevail over us, so as to become pleased with their unbelief and to think that they are better than we. (T.) Also Madness, insanity, or diabolical possession; (T, K;) and so
فُتُونٌ and
مَفْتُونٌ. (T.) And Error; or deviation from the right way. (M, K.) And Infidelity; or unbelief: (T, M, K:) thus in the saying, [in the Qur'an, 2:187,] وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ [And infidelity, or unbelief, is more excessive than slaughter: and the like is said in ii. 214]. (T.) And A sin, a crime; or an act of disobedience for which one deserves punishment. (M, K.) And Disgrace, shame, or ignominy. (M, K.) فِتْنَةُ
الصَّدْرِ signifies الوَسْوَاسُ [apparently as meaning The devil's prompting, or suggesting, of some evil idea]: فِتْنَةُ المَحْيَا, The being turned from the [right] road:
فِتْنَةُ المَمَاتِ, The being questioned in the grave [by the two angels Munkar and Nekeer]: فِتْنَةُ الضُّرِّ, The sword: and فِتْتَةُ السُّرِّ, Women. (TA.) [And الفِتْنَةُ العَمْيَا is a phrase used in the present day as meaning Incurable evil or trouble.]
4.
[It is also the name now commonly given to The mimosa farnesiana of Linn.; (Delile's Floræ Ægypt. Illustr. no. 962;) called by Forskål (Flora Ægypt. Arab. p. lxxvii.) mimosa scorpioïdes.]