سَيِّدٌ

, (S, M, K, &c.,) of the measure فَعِيلٌ; [originally سَوِيدٌ, for a reason to be mentioned below; the kesreh upon the و, being deemed difficult of pronunciation, is suppressed, and the quiescent و and ى thus coming thgether, the latter receives the rejected kesreh, and the و is changed into ى and incorporated into the augmentative ى; as in the case of جَيِّدٌ with those who hold it to be originally جَوِيدٌ;] or, according to the Basrees, it is of the measure فَيْعِلٌ; [originally سَيْوِدٌ;] (S;) and also ↓ سَيْدٌ; (Mz, 40th نوع, section on the class of هَيِّنٌ and هَيْنٌ;) A chief, lord, or master: (M, L, Mgh, Msb: [according to the last of which, this is a secondary signification, as will be seen below:]) a prince, or king: (Fr, L:) one who is set before, or over, others: a master of a household: (L:) a woman's husband: (Fr, M, Msb:) a possessor, an owner, or a proprietor: (L, Msb:) a slave's master, or owner: (Fr, M, Msb:) a superior in rank or station or condition; one possessing pre-eminence or excel-lence; a man of rank or quality; a personage; a man of distinction: (L:) one who surpasses others in intelligence and property, and in repelling injury, and in beneficence, or usefulness, who makes a just use of his property, and aids others by himself: (ISh, L:) one possessed of glory, honour, dignity, eminence, exalted or elevated state, or nobility; (L, Msb; [according to the latter of which, this is the primary signification;]) generous, noble, or high-born: (L:) the most generous, noble, or high-born, of a people: (Msb:) a liberal, bountiful, or munificent, person: (Fr, L:) clement; forbearing; one who endures injurious treatment from his people: (L:) devout, abstaining from unlawful things, and clement, or forbearing: (Katádeh, L:) one who is not overcome by his anger: ('Ikrimeh, L:) according to As, the Arabs say that it signifies any one who is subdued, or repressed, by his principle of clemency, or forbearance: (L:) and ↓ سَايءِدٌ signifies the same as سَيِّدٌ: or one inferior to a سَيِّد: (K:) or, according to Fr, one says, هٰذَا سَيِّدُ قَوْمِهِ اليَوْمَ [this is the lord, &c., of his people today]; but if you announce that he will be their سيّد after a little while, you say هُوَ سَايءِدُ قَوْمِهِ عَنْ قَلِيلٍ, and سَيِّدُ: (S:) the feminine of سَيِّدٌ [and of ↓ سَايءِدٌ] is with ة: (M, L, Msb:) plural of سَيِّدٌ, (S, Msb,) or of ↓ سَايءِدٌ, (M, K,) سَادَةٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and سَيَايءِدُ (S, K) and [plural of سَادَةٌ] سَادَاتٌ: (Msb:) [J says that] سَادَةٌ is of the measure فَعَلَةٌ, [orinally سَوَدَةٌ,] because سَيِّدٌ is of the measure فَعِيلٌ; [as has been before mentioned;] and it is like سَرَاةٌ as plural of سَرِىٌّ, the only other instance of the kind; this being shown to be the case by the fact that سَيِّدٌ has also as a plural سَيَايءِدُ, with ء, [and with the و changed into ى because it is so changed in the singular,] like as أَفِيلٌ has أَفَايءِلُ, and like as تَبِيعٌ has تَبَايءِعُ; but the Basrees, who hold سَيِّدٌ to be of the measure فَيْعِلٌ, say that it becomes of the measure فَعَلَةٌ in the plural as though it were سَايءِدٌ, like قَايءِدٌ, which has قَادَةٌ as a plural, and like ذَايءِدٌ, which has ذَادَةٌ as a plural; and they also say that سَيَايءِدُ, with ء, as plural of سَيِّدٌ, is contr. to analogy; for by rule it should be without ء. (S.)

[In the present day it is also particularly applied to signify, like شَرِيف, Any descendant of the Prophet.]

One of the poets has used it in relation to the jinn, or genii; saying,

يَنْدُبْنَ سَيِّدَهُنَّةْ

جِنٌّ هَبَبْنَ بِلَيْلٍ

[Genii that were roused from their sleep by night, summoning, or perhaps bewailing and eulogizing their chief]: Akh says that this is a well-known verse of the poetry of the Arabs: but it is asserted by one, or more, likewise deserving of reliance, that it is of the poetry of El-Weleed [and therefore post-classical]. (M.)

And the wild ass is called (assumed tropical:) the سَيِّد of his female. (TA.)

Also, (Ks, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and ↓ سِيَّدٌ, (K,) the latter on the authority of Aboo-'Alee, (TA,) applied to a he-goat, (assumed tropical:) Advanced in years: (Ks, S, M; Mgh, Msb, K:) or in its third year: (Mgh:) or great, though not advanced in years: (TA:) or it is of general application, for it occurs in a tradition applied to the camel and the ox-kind. (M, TA.)

And the former also signifies (assumed tropical:) What is most eminent, exalted, or noble, of any things: and is applied by Zj to the Qur'an, because, he says, it is سَيِّدُ الكَلَامِ (assumed tropical:) [The paragon of speech]. (M.)